الملحق مو شر المعرفة العريب 2016

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1 الملحق مو شر المعرفة العريب

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3 الجدول م 1 : متغريات مو شر التعليم ما قبل الجامعي وأوزانها September 5, 2016, from: September 5, 2016, from: () September 5, 2016, from: () September, 2016, from: September 5, 2016, from: (%) (%) ( ) September 5, 2016, from: (%) مو شر المعرفة العريب 2016 September 5, 2016, from: September 5, 2016, from: Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD). (2014). PISA 2012 Results in Focus: What 15-year-olds know and what they can do with what they know. Retrieved from: Mullis, I.V.S., Martin, M.O., Foy, P., and Arora, A. (2012). TIMSS 2011 International Results in Mathematics. Chestnut Hill, MA: TIMSS & PIRLS International Study Center, Lynch School of Education, Boston College; Amsterdam: International Association for the Evaluation of Educational Achievement (IEA) Secretariat. Retrieved from: Mullis, I.V.S., Martin, M.O., Foy, P., and Arora, A. (2012). TIMSS 2011 International Results in Mathematics. Chestnut Hill, MA: TIMSS & PIRLS International Study Center, Lynch School of Education, Boston College; Amsterdam: International Association for the Evaluation of Educational Achievement (IEA) Secretariat. Retrieved from: Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD). (2014). PISA 2012 Results in Focus: What 15-year-olds know and what they can do with what they know. Retrieved from: (%) (24-15 ) (%) ( 15) ( 15) ( 0.333) ( 0.333) ( ) ( 0.4) Mullis, I.V.S., Martin, M.O., Foy, P., and Arora, A. (2012). TIMSS 2011 International Results in Mathematics. Chestnut Hill, MA: TIMSS & PIRLS International Study Center, Lynch School of Education, Boston College; Amsterdam: International Association for the Evaluation of Educational Achievement (IEA) Secretariat. Retrieved from: Mullis, I.V.S., Martin, M.O., Foy, P., and Arora, A. (2012). TIMSS 2011 International Results in Mathematics. Chestnut Hill, MA: TIMSS & PIRLS International Study Center, Lynch School of Education, Boston College; Amsterdam: International Association for the Evaluation of Educational Achievement (IEA) Secretariat. Retrieved from: ( 0.333) 129

4 Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD). (2014). PISA 2012 Results in Focus: What 15-year-olds know and what they can do with what they know. Retrieved from: ( 15) ( 0.333) United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) and Mohammed bin Rashid Al Maktoum Foundation. (2012). Arab Knowledge Report : Preparing Future Generations for the Knowledge Society. Dubai: Al Ghurair. Retrieved from: 1 ( ) United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) and Mohammed bin Rashid Al Maktoum Foundation. (2012). Arab Knowledge Report : Preparing Future Generations for the Knowledge Society. Dubai: Al Ghurair. Retrieved from: United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) and Mohammed bin Rashid Al Maktoum Foundation. (2012). Arab Knowledge Report : Preparing Future Generations for the Knowledge Society. Dubai: Al Ghurair. Retrieved from: United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) and Mohammed bin Rashid Al Maktoum Foundation. (2012). Arab Knowledge Report : Preparing Future Generations for the Knowledge Society. Dubai: Al Ghurair. Retrieved from: ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( 0.4) Gallup International. (2013). End of Year Survey 2013: Country Results. Retrieved September 6, 2016, from: Gallup International. (2013). End of Year Survey 2013: Country Results. Retrieved September 6, 2016, from: Gallup International. (2013). End of Year Survey 2013: Country Results. Retrieved September 6, 2016, from:.7.()7 :..11 ( ) الملحق : : : () Team Index Calculations based on data from: TIMSS & PIRLS International Study Center. (2013). TIMSS 2011 International Database. Boston: IEA International Association for the Evaluation of Educational Achievement. 1 : ( 0.333) ( 0.3) : : 130

5 September 5, 2016, from: UNICEF Data & Analytics. (2016). State of the World's Children Report Retrieved September 6, 2016, from: (%) ( 59 36) UNICEF. (2016). Multiple Indicator Cluster Surveys (MICS) Retrieved August 31, 2016, from: 1 () () : ( ) مو شر المعرفة العريب 2016 ALECSO: Arab Educational Observatory. (2013). Data and Indicators of the Arab Educational Observatory. Tunisia: Arab Organization for Culture and Science. Retrieved September 6, 2016, from: Evaluation of Educational Achievement : ( ) : ( ) : ( ) : ( ) : ( ) : () : () ( 0.3) : : () () : : 131

6 : ( ) () : ( ) () ( ) : ) ( : ) ( ( ) ( ) September 5, 2016, from: September 5, 2016, from: ( ) ( 0.333) ( 0.3) الملحق September 5, 2016, from: September 5, 2016, from: (%) September 5, 2016, from: September 5, 2016, from: September 5, 2016, from: (%) (%) (%) ( ) ( ) : ( ) () : ) () ( ( ) 132

7 : ( ) () : ( ) () ( ) : () ( ) : ) ( : () ( ) ( ) ( ) World Economic Forum, INSEAD and Cornell University. (2016). The Global Information Technology Report 2016: Innovating in the Digital Economy. Geneva: World Economic Forum and INSEAD. Retrieved from: pdf : ) ( مو شر المعرفة العريب 2016 World Economic Forum, INSEAD and Cornell University. (2015). The Global Information Technology Report 2015: ICTs for Inclusive Growth. Insight Report. Geneva: World Economic Forum and INSEAD. Retrieved from: World Economic Forum and INSEAD. (2012). The Global Information Technology Report 2012: Living in a Hyperconnected World. Geneva: World Economic Forum and INSEAD. Retrieved from: www3.weforum.org/docs/global_it_report_2012.pdf September 5, 2016, from: September 5, 2016, from: () () ( 0.333) ( 0.3) September 5, 2016, from: September 5, 2016, from: () : () : ( ) () : ( ) () () 133

8 : : : () : : : () ( 0.333) ( 0.3) : () ( ) : () ( ) September 6, 2016 from: September 6, 2016 from: September 6, 2016, from: September 6, 2016, from: UNESCO Institute for Statistics. (2015Data Centre. Retrieved September 6, 2016, from:. (%) (%) (%) (%) ( ) 25 (%) ( ) ( 0.3) الملحق UNESCO Institute for Statistics. (2015). Data Centre. Retrieved September 6, 2016, from: ) 25 ( (%) ( ) UNESCO Institute for Statistics. (2015). Data Centre. Retrieved September 6, 2016, from: ) 25 ( (%) 134

9 September 6, 2016, from: September 6, 2016, from: WHO/ UNICEF Joint Monitoring Programme (JMP) for Water Supply and Sanitation. (2016). Data and Estimates. Retrieved September 6, 2016, from: (%) ( %) ( ) World Health Organization. (2016). Global Health Observatory Data Repository. Retrieved September 6, 2016, 2016, from: %) ( World Health Organization. (2016). Global Health Observatory Data Repository. Retrieved September 6, 2016, 2016, from: World Health Organization. (2016). Global Health Observatory Data Repository. Retrieved September 6, 2016, from: () 100 ) ( ( ) World Health Organization. (2016). World Health Statistics 2016 Data Visualizations Dashboard. Retrieved September 6, 2016, from: 13 - World Health Organization. (2016). Global Health Observatory Data. Retrieved September 6, 2016, from: s2016_annexa_healthworkforce.pdf. ( 10 ) World Bank. (2015). World Governance Indicators. Retrieved September 5, 2016, from: مو شر المعرفة العريب 2016 Transparency International. (2015). Corruption Perceptions Index Retrieved September 5, 2016, from: World Economic Forum. (2015). The Global Competitiveness Report World Economic Forum. (2014). The Global Competitiveness Report _ pdf World Economic Forum. (2011). The Global Competitiveness Report () ( 0.3) Gallup Healthways Well-Being Index. (2014). State of Global Well- Being: 2014 Country Well-Being Rankings. Retrieved from:. ) ( September 6, 2016, from:. (GPI) September 6, 2016, from:. September 6, 2016, from:. (GPI) (GPI) () ( ) September 6, 2016, from:. (GPI) 135

10 September 6, 2016, from:. September 6, 2016, from:. (GPI) (GPI) () October 8, 2016, from: (GPI) October 8, 2016, from: (GPI) () October 8, 2016, from: Index Team Calculations based on data from: International Labor Organization (ILO). (2015). Key Indicators of the Labor Market (KILM), 9th Edition. Retrieved September 8, 2016, from: 1 (GPI) 65 ) ( () Index Team Calculations based on data from: Inter-Parliamentary Union. (2016). PARLINE Database on National Parliaments. Retrieved September 5, 2016, from: United Nations Development Programme (UNDP). (2015). Human Development Report: Work for Human Development. Retrieved from: ort_1.pdf World Bank. (2016). World Development Indicators. Retrieved September 5, 2016, from:. 1 (%) ( %) () () (0.3) الملحق Index Team Calculations based on data from: UNESCO Institute for Statistics. (2015). Data Centre. Retrieved August 31, 2016, from: (%) Index Team Calculations based on data from: World Bank. (2015). World Bank Open Data. Retrieved August 31, 2016, from: Index Team Calculations based on data from: WHO/ UNICEF Joint Monitoring Programme (JMP) for Water Supply and Sanitation. (2016). Data and Estimates. Retrieved September 13, 2016, from: Index Team Calculations based on data from: WHO/ UNICEF Joint Monitoring Programme (JMP) for Water Supply and Sanitation. (2016). Data and Estimates. Retrieved September 13, 2016, from: (%) (%) (%) Index Team Calculations based on data from: WHO. (2015). RMNCH Interventions Combined, Composite Coverage Index. Retrieved September 13, 2016 from: ualities_residence/map_place%20of%20residence.html RMNCH composite ) (coverage index 136

11 الجدول م 2 : متغريات مو شر التعليم التقني والتدريب المهني وأوزانها September 14, 2016, from: September 14, 2016, from: () 2017/05FullReport/TheGlobalCompetitivenessReport _FINAL.pdf. World Economic Forum. (2014). The Global Competitiveness Report World Economic Forum. (2011). The Global Competitiveness Report مو شر المعرفة العريب 2016 ETF. ( ). Fondation Européenne pour la formation. Retrieved August 25, 2016, from: UNESCO.UNEVOC. ( Retrieved August 25,2016 from: /05FullReport/TheGlobalCompetitivenessReport _FINAL.pdf. World Economic Forum. (2014). The Global Competitiveness Report World Economic Forum. (2011). The Global Competitiveness Report () () World Bank. (2016). Enterprises Surveys. Retrieved September 14, 2016, from: ETF. ( ). Fondation Européenne pour la formation. Retrieved August 25,2016 from: UNESCO.UNEVOC. ( Retrieved August 25,2016 from: ETF. ( ). Fondation Européenne pour la formation. Retrieved August 25,2016 from: UNESCO.UNEVOC. ( Retrieved August 25,2016 from: ETF. ( ). Fondation Européenne pour la formation. Retrieved August 25,2016 from: UNESCO.UNEVOC. ( Retrieved August 25,2016 from: International monetary fund. (2016). Data and Statistics. Retrieved September 15, 2016, from: UNESCO. UNEVOC. Entrepreneurship Education in the Arab States. (2013). Retrieved August 25, 2016, from: World Bank. (2016). Doing Business 2016: Measuring Regulating Quality and Efficiency. 13th edition. Washington: International Bank for Reconstruction and Development / The World Bank. Retrieved from: Reports/English/DB16-Full-Report.pdf World Bank. (2016). Doing Business 2016: Measuring Regulating Quality and Efficiency. 13th edition. Washington: International Bank for Reconstruction and Development / The World Bank. Retrieved from: Reports/English/DB16-Full-Report.pdf () () 137

12 World Economic Forum. (2016). The Human Capital Report Geneva: World Economic Forum. Retrieved September 26, 2016, from: /?doing_wp_cron= /05FullReport/TheGlobalCompetitivenessReport _FINAL.pdf. World Economic Forum. (2014). The Global Competitiveness Report World Economic Forum. (2011). The Global Competitiveness Report International Labor Organization (ILO). (2015). Key Indicators of the Labor Market (KILM), 9th Edition. Retrieved September 26, 2016, from: World Bank and PwC. (2016). Paying Taxes 2016: The Global Picture. Washington DC: The World Bank. Retrieved from: /paying-taxes-2016.pdf World Bank. (2016). Doing Business 2016: Measuring Regulating Quality and Efficiency. 13th edition. Washington: International Bank for Reconstruction and Development / The World Bank. Retrieved from: Reports/English/DB16-Full-Report.pdf. Retrieved August 23,2016 from: International Labor Organization (ILO). (2015). Key Indicators of the Labor Market (KILM), 9th Edition. Retrieved September 14, 2016, from: () () الملحق 2017/05FullReport/TheGlobalCompetitivenessReport _FINAL.pdf. World Economic Forum. (2014). The Global Competitiveness Report World Economic Forum. (2011). The Global Competitiveness Report Team Index Calculations Based on: International Labor Organization (ILO). (2015). Key Indicators of the Labor Market (KILM), 9th Edition. Retrieved October 3, 2016, from: ) World Bank. (2013). Jobs for Shared Prosperity: Time for Action in the Middle East and North Africa. Retrieved from: /05FullReport/TheGlobalCompetitivenessReport _FINAL.pdf. World Economic Forum. (2014). The Global Competitiveness Report World Economic Forum. (2011). The Global Competitiveness Report

13 2017/05FullReport/TheGlobalCompetitivenessReport _FINAL.pdf. World Economic Forum. (2014). The Global Competitiveness Report World Economic Forum. (2011). The Global Competitiveness Report World Bank. (2016). Enterprises Surveys. Retrieved September 14, 2016, from: () () Fondation Européenne pour la formation. Retrieved August 25,2016, from: Index Team Calculation: UNESCO Institute for Statistics. (2016). Data Centre. Retrieved September 26, 2016, from: September 14, 2016, from: /05FullReport/TheGlobalCompetitivenessReport _FINAL.pdf مو شر المعرفة العريب 2016 World Economic Forum. (2014). The Global Competitiveness Report World Economic Forum. (2011). The Global Competitiveness Report Team Index Calculation based on data from: UNESCO Institute for Statistics. (2016). Data Centre. Retrieved September 14, 2016, from: September 14, 2016, from: September 14, 2016, from: GPI (0.3) September 14, 2016, from: September 14, 2016, from: International Labor Organization (ILO). (2015). Key Indicators of the Labor Market (KILM), 9th Edition. Retrieved September 14, 2016, from: United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division. (2015). World Population Prospects: The 2015 Revision. Retrieved September 15, 2016, from: 139

14 United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) and Mohammed bin Rashid Al Maktoum Foundation. (2014). Arab Knowledge Report 2014: Youth and Localisation of Knowledge. Dubai: Al Ghurair. Retrieved from: International Labor Organization (ILO). (2015). Key Indicators of the Labor Market (KILM), 9th Edition. Retrieved September 14, 2016, from: International Labor Organization (ILO). (2015). Key Indicators of the Labor Market (KILM), 9th Edition. Retrieved September 14, 2016, from: United Nations Development Programme (UNDP). (2016). Human Development Report 2015, Work for Human Development, Retrieved from: (0.3) World Bank. (2016). World Development Indicators. Retrieved September 9, 2016, from: الملحق 140

15 الجدول م 3 : متغريات مو شر التعليم العالي وأوزانها World Bank. (2016). World Governance Indicators. Retrieved October 10, 2016, from: World Bank. (2016). World Governance Indicators. Retrieved October 10, 2016, from: World Bank. (2016). World Governance Indicators. Retrieved October 10, 2016, from: World Bank. (2016). World Governance Indicators. Retrieved October 10, 2016, from: Social Progress Imperative. (2016) Social Progress Index. Retrieved September 7, 2016, from: September 7, 2016, from: 25 (0.167) September 7, 2016, from: مو شر المعرفة العريب 2016 September 7, 2016, from: September 7, 2016, from: September 7, 2016, from: September 7, 2016, from: (0.3) September 7, 2016, from: September 7, 2016, from: September 7, 2016, from: September 7, 2016, from: (0.167) September 7, 2016, from: September 7, 2016, from: 141

16 Index Team Calculations based on data from: September 7, 2016, from: Index Team Calculations based on data from: September 8, 2016, from: (GPI) (%) Index Team Calculations based on data from: September 8, 2016, from: * (0.167) Index Team Calculations based on data from: September 8, 2016, from: (%) September 7, 2016, from: September 7, 2016, from: (%) Geneva: World Economic Forum. Retrieved from: 2017/05FullReport/TheGlobalCompetitivenessReport _FINAL.pdf. World Economic Forum. (2014). The Global Competitiveness Report Geneva: World Economic Forum. Retrieved from: World Economic Forum. (2011). The Global Competitiveness Report Geneva: World Economic Forum. Retrieved from: September 7, 2016, from: Index Team Calculations based on data from: September 7, 2016, from: and (%) (%) (0.167) (0.3) الملحق September 7, 2016, from: ) ( September 7, 2016, from: (%) Institute of International Education. (2016). "International Scholar Totals by Place of Origin, 2013/ /15." Open Doors Report on International Educational Exchange. Retrieved September 8, 2016, from: Doors/Data/International-Students/By-Academic-Level-and-Place-of-Origin/ ( ) 2015/ /2013 (0.167) Institute of International Education. (2016). "International Scholar Totals by Place of Origin, 2013/ /15." Open Doors Report on International Educational Exchange. Retrieved September 8, 2016, from: Doors/Data/International-Students/By-Academic-Level-and-Place-of-Origin/ ( ) 2015/ /

17 The source for each national information is cited; there is also this 2009 publication: Geneva: World Economic Forum. Retrieved from: 2017/05FullReport/TheGlobalCompetitivenessReport _FINAL.pdf. World Economic Forum. (2014). The Global Competitiveness Report Geneva: World Economic Forum. Retrieved from: World Economic Forum. (2011). The Global Competitiveness Report Geneva: World Economic Forum. Retrieved from: Geneva: World Economic Forum. Retrieved from: 2017/05FullReport/TheGlobalCompetitivenessReport _FINAL.pdf. World Economic Forum. (2014). The Global Competitiveness Report Geneva: World Economic Forum. Retrieved from: World Economic Forum. (2011). The Global Competitiveness Report Geneva: World Economic Forum. Retrieved from: Geneva: World Economic Forum. Retrieved from: 2017/05FullReport/TheGlobalCompetitivenessReport _FINAL.pdf. مو شر المعرفة العريب 2016 World Economic Forum. (2014). The Global Competitiveness Report Geneva: World Economic Forum. Retrieved from: World Economic Forum. (2011). The Global Competitiveness Report Geneva: World Economic Forum. Retrieved from: QS World University Rankings. (2016). University Rankings 2016/17. Retrieved September 9, 2016, from: September 7, 2016, from: Geneva: World Economic Forum. Retrieved from: 2017/05FullReport/TheGlobalCompetitivenessReport _FINAL.pdf. () (0.1) World Economic Forum. (2014). The Global Competitiveness Report Geneva: World Economic Forum. Retrieved from: World Economic Forum. (2011). The Global Competitiveness Report Geneva: World Economic Forum. Retrieved from: Geneva: World Economic Forum. Retrieved from: 2017/05FullReport/TheGlobalCompetitivenessReport _FINAL.pdf. World Economic Forum. (2014). The Global Competitiveness Report Geneva: World Economic Forum. Retrieved from: World Economic Forum. (2011). The Global Competitiveness Report Geneva: World Economic Forum. Retrieved from:

18 September 7, 2016, from: September 7, 2016, from: September 7, 2016, from: Index Team Calculations based on data from: UNESCO Institute for Statistics. (2016). Data Centre. Retrieved September 8, 2016, from: * (0.111) International Labor Organization (ILO). (2015). Key Indicators of the Labor Market (KILM), 9th Edition. Retrieved September 8, 2016, from: %) ( 15) ( International Labor Organization (ILO). (2015). Key Indicators of the Labor Market (KILM), 9th Edition. Retrieved September 8, 2016, from: International Labor Organization (ILO). (2015). Key Indicators of the Labor Market (KILM), 9th Edition. Retrieved September 8, 2016, from: International Labor Organization (ILO). (2015). Key Indicators of the Labor Market (KILM), 9th Edition. Retrieved September 8, 2016, from: %) ( ( 15) %) ( 15) ( ) ( 15) ( (22) (0.6) الملحق International Labor Organization (ILO). (2015). Key Indicators of the Labor Market (KILM), 9th Edition. Retrieved September 8, 2016, from: ) ( 15) ( UNDP & Mohammed Bin Rashed al Maktoum Foundation. (2014). The Arab Knowledge Report 2014: Youth and Localisation of Knowledge. Dubai: Al-Ghurair. Retrieved from: UNDP & Mohammed Bin Rashed al Maktoum Foundation. (2014). The Arab Knowledge Report 2014: Youth and Localisation of Knowledge. Dubai: Al-Ghurair. Retrieved from: UNDP & Mohammed Bin Rashed al Maktoum Foundation. (2014). The Arab Knowledge Report 2014: Youth and Localisation of Knowledge. Dubai: Al-Ghurair. Retrieved from: UNDP & Mohammed Bin Rashed al Maktoum Foundation. (2014). The Arab Knowledge Report 2014: Youth and Localisation of Knowledge. Dubai: Al-Ghurair. Retrieved from: UNDP & Mohammed Bin Rashed al Maktoum Foundation. (2014). The Arab Knowledge Report 2014: Youth and Localisation of Knowledge. Dubai: Al-Ghurair. Retrieved from:

19 UNDP & Mohammed Bin Rashed al Maktoum Foundation. (2014). The Arab Knowledge Report 2014: Youth and Localisation of Knowledge. Dubai: Al-Ghurair. Retrieved from: UNDP & Mohammed Bin Rashed al Maktoum Foundation. (2014). The Arab Knowledge Report 2014: Youth and Localisation of Knowledge. Dubai: Al-Ghurair. Retrieved from: UNDP & Mohammed Bin Rashed al Maktoum Foundation. (2014). The Arab Knowledge Report 2014: Youth and Localisation of Knowledge. Dubai: Al-Ghurair. Retrieved from: UNDP & Mohammed Bin Rashed al Maktoum Foundation. (2014). The Arab Knowledge Report 2014: Youth and Localisation of Knowledge. Dubai: Al-Ghurair. Retrieved from: UNDP & Mohammed Bin Rashed al Maktoum Foundation. (2014). The Arab Knowledge Report 2014: Youth and Localisation of Knowledge. Dubai: Al-Ghurair. Retrieved from: Geneva: World Economic Forum. Retrieved from: 2017/05FullReport/TheGlobalCompetitivenessReport _FINAL.pdf. World Economic Forum. (2014). The Global Competitiveness Report Geneva: World Economic Forum. Retrieved from: مو شر المعرفة العريب 2016 World Economic Forum. (2011). The Global Competitiveness Report Geneva: World Economic Forum. Retrieved from: SCImago and Country Rank. (2016). Scimago Journal & Country Rank. Retrieved September 7, 2016, from: SCImago and Country Rank. (2016). Scimago Journal & Country Rank. Retrieved September 7, 2016, from: Geneva: World Economic Forum. Retrieved from: 2017/05FullReport/TheGlobalCompetitivenessReport _FINAL.pdf. World Economic Forum. (2014). The Global Competitiveness Report Geneva: World Economic Forum. Retrieved from: World Economic Forum. (2011). The Global Competitiveness Report Geneva: World Economic Forum. Retrieved from: (0.6) Geneva: World Economic Forum. Retrieved from: 2017/05FullReport/TheGlobalCompetitivenessReport _FINAL.pdf. World Economic Forum. (2014). The Global Competitiveness Report Geneva: World Economic Forum. Retrieved from: World Economic Forum. (2011). The Global Competitiveness Report Geneva: World Economic Forum. Retrieved from: SCImago and Country Rank. (2016). Country Rankings. Retrieved September 7, 2016, from: 145

20 الجدول م 4 : متغريات مو شر تكنولوجيا المعلومات الاتصالات وأوزانها World Economic Forum, INSEAD and Cornell University. (2016). The Global Information Technology Report 2016: Innovating in the Digital Economy. Geneva: World Economic Forum and INSEAD. Retrieved from: World Economic Forum, INSEAD and Cornell University. (2015). The Global Information Technology Report 2015: ICTs for Inclusive Growth. Insight Report. Geneva: World Economic Forum and INSEAD. Retrieved from: World Economic Forum and INSEAD. (2012). The Global Information Technology Report 2012: Living in a Hyperconnected World. Geneva: World Economic Forum and INSEAD. Retrieved from: www3.weforum.org/docs/global_it_report_2012.pdf 35 International Telecommunication Union (ITU). (2016). World Telecommunication/ICT Indicators Database online. Retrieved September 1, Index Team Calculations based on data from: International Telecommunication Union (ITU). (2016). World Telecommunication/ICT Indicators Database online. Retrieved September 1, (0.34) World Bank (2016). World Development Indicators. Retrieved September 1, 2016 from: 65 International Telecommunication Union (ITU). (2016). World Telecommunication/ICT Indicators Database online. Retrieved September 1, International Telecommunication Union (ITU). (2016). World Telecommunication/ICT Indicators Database online. Retrieved September 1, World Economic Forum, INSEAD and Cornell University. (2016). The Global Information Technology Report 2016: Innovating in the Digital Economy. Geneva: World Economic Forum and INSEAD. Retrieved from: World Economic Forum, INSEAD and Cornell University. (2015). The Global Information Technology Report 2015: ICTs for Inclusive Growth. Insight Report. Geneva: World Economic Forum and INSEAD. Retrieved from: (0.16) () الملحق World Economic Forum and INSEAD. (2012). The Global Information Technology Report 2012: Living in a Hyperconnected World. Geneva: World Economic Forum and INSEAD. Retrieved from: www3.weforum.org/docs/global_it_report_2012.pdf International Telecommunication Union (ITU). (2016). World Telecommunication/ICT Indicators Database online. Retrieved September 1, International Telecommunication Union (ITU). (2016). World Telecommunication/ICT Indicators Database online. Retrieved September 1, International Telecommunication Union (ITU). (2016). World Telecommunication/ICT Indicators Database online. Retrieved September 1, International Telecommunication Union (ITU). (2016). World Telecommunication/ICT Indicators Database online. Retrieved September 1, International Telecommunication Union (ITU). (2016). World Telecommunication/ICT Indicators Database online. Retrieved September 1, International Telecommunication Union (ITU). (2016). World Telecommunication/ICT Indicators Database online. Retrieved September 1, International Telecommunication Union (ITU). (2016). World Telecommunication/ICT Indicators Database online. Retrieved September 1, () 146

21 World Economic Forum, INSEAD and Cornell University. (2016). The Global Information Technology Report 2016: Innovating in the Digital Economy. Geneva: World Economic Forum and INSEAD. Retrieved from: World Economic Forum, INSEAD and Cornell University. (2015). The Global Information Technology Report 2015: ICTs for Inclusive Growth. Insight Report. Geneva: World Economic Forum and INSEAD. Retrieved from: 0.06 World Economic Forum and INSEAD. (2012). The Global Information Technology Report 2012: Living in a Hyperconnected World. Geneva: World Economic Forum and INSEAD. Retrieved from: www3.weforum.org/docs/global_it_report_2012.pdf 2017/05FullReport/TheGlobalCompetitivenessReport _FINAL.pdf. World Economic Forum. (2014). The Global Competitiveness Report www3.weforum.org/docs/wef_globalcompetitivenessreport_ pdf World Economic Forum. (2011). The Global Competitiveness Report www3.weforum.org/docs/wef_gcr_report_ pdf. مو شر المعرفة العريب 2016 World Economic Forum, INSEAD and Cornell University. (2016). The Global Information Technology Report 2016: Innovating in the Digital Economy. Geneva: World Economic Forum and INSEAD. Retrieved from: World Economic Forum, INSEAD and Cornell University. (2015). The Global Information Technology Report 2015: ICTs for Inclusive Growth. Insight Report. Geneva: World Economic Forum and INSEAD. Retrieved from: World Economic Forum and INSEAD. (2012). The Global Information Technology Report 2012: Living in a Hyperconnected World. Geneva: World Economic Forum and INSEAD. Retrieved from: www3.weforum.org/docs/global_it_report_2012.pdf 0.06 () () World Economic Forum, INSEAD and Cornell University. (2016). The Global Information Technology Report 2016: Innovating in the Digital Economy. Geneva: World Economic Forum and INSEAD. Retrieved from: World Economic Forum, INSEAD and Cornell University. (2015). The Global Information Technology Report 2015: ICTs for Inclusive Growth. Insight Report. Geneva: World Economic Forum and INSEAD. Retrieved from: 0.06 World Economic Forum and INSEAD. (2012). The Global Information Technology Report 2012: Living in a Hyperconnected World. Geneva: World Economic Forum and INSEAD. Retrieved from: www3.weforum.org/docs/global_it_report_2012.pdf 2017/05FullReport/TheGlobalCompetitivenessReport _FINAL.pdf. World Economic Forum. (2014). The Global Competitiveness Report www3.weforum.org/docs/wef_globalcompetitivenessreport_ pdf World Economic Forum. (2011). The Global Competitiveness Report www3.weforum.org/docs/wef_gcr_report_ pdf. 147

22 World Economic Forum, INSEAD and Cornell University. (2016). The Global Information Technology Report 2016: Innovating in the Digital Economy. Geneva: World Economic Forum and INSEAD. Retrieved from: World Economic Forum, INSEAD and Cornell University. (2015). The Global Information Technology Report 2015: ICTs for Inclusive Growth. Insight Report. Geneva: World Economic Forum and INSEAD. Retrieved from: 0.06 World Economic Forum and INSEAD. (2012). The Global Information Technology Report 2012: Living in a Hyperconnected World. Geneva: World Economic Forum and INSEAD. Retrieved from: www3.weforum.org/docs/global_it_report_2012.pdf United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs (UNDESA). (2016). Division for Public Administration and Development Management. United Nations Public Administration Country Studies (UNPACS) Data Center. Retrieved September 1, 2016, from: World Economic Forum, INSEAD and Cornell University. (2016). The Global Information Technology Report 2016: Innovating in the Digital Economy. Geneva: World Economic Forum and INSEAD. Retrieved from: () () World Economic Forum, INSEAD and Cornell University. (2015). The Global Information Technology Report 2015: ICTs for Inclusive Growth. Insight Report. Geneva: World Economic Forum and INSEAD. Retrieved from: 0.06 World Economic Forum and INSEAD. (2012). The Global Information Technology Report 2012: Living in a Hyperconnected World. Geneva: World Economic Forum and INSEAD. Retrieved from: www3.weforum.org/docs/global_it_report_2012.pdf 2017/05FullReport/TheGlobalCompetitivenessReport _FINAL.pdf. World Economic Forum. (2014). The Global Competitiveness Report www3.weforum.org/docs/wef_globalcompetitivenessreport_ pdf الملحق World Economic Forum. (2011). The Global Competitiveness Report www3.weforum.org/docs/wef_gcr_report_ pdf. 2017/05FullReport/TheGlobalCompetitivenessReport _FINAL.pdf. World Economic Forum. (2014). The Global Competitiveness Report www3.weforum.org/docs/wef_globalcompetitivenessreport_ pdf (6) () World Economic Forum. (2011). The Global Competitiveness Report www3.weforum.org/docs/wef_gcr_report_ pdf. September 1, 2016, from: September 1, 2016, from:

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